Selected Books and Research Papers on Artificial Intelligence, Digital Transformation, Data Protection, and Productivity
Open Access Books
García Periche, J., & Martínez Pinto, C. (2024) AI and the SDGs in Latin America and the Caribbean.
In the current era of technological advancements, artificial intelligence (AI) stands out as a transformative force impacting health, education, public policies, and sustainability. "AI and the SDGs in Latin America and the Caribbean" explores how AI can be crucial for sustainable development, showcasing case studies and its strategic application in key sectors to address urgent challenges. This work highlights the opportunities and ethical challenges of AI. The collaboration between CAF and Microsoft drives digital transformation in the region to enhance quality of life, promote efficient and innovative governance, and tackle the challenges and opportunities of the digital age.
Peng, Shin-yi, Ching-Fu Lin, and Thomas Streinz, eds. Artificial Intelligence and International Economic Law. Cambridge University Press, 2021.
A comprehensive look at the interplay between artificial intelligence and international economic law (IEL), this volume is a valuable guide for scholars, students, practitioners, and policymakers in the fields of IEL, technology law, administrative law, and global AI governance. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Romeral Martínez, L. (2020), New Trends in the Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Industry 4.0, 1st ed., eds. Roque A. Osornio Rios and Luis Romeral Martínez, s.l, IntechOpen.
Industry 4.0 is based on the cyber-physical transformation of processes, systems and methods applied in the manufacturing sector, and on its autonomous and decentralized operation. Industry 4.0 reflects that the industrial world is at the beginning of the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution, characterized by a massive interconnection of assets and the integration of human operators with the manufacturing environment. In this regard, data analytics and, specifically, the artificial intelligence is the vehicular technology towards the next generation of smart factories. Chapters in this book cover a diversity of current and new developments in the use of artificial intelligence on the industrial sector seen from the fourth industrial revolution point of view, namely, cyber-physical applications, artificial intelligence technologies and tools, Industrial Internet of Things and data analytics.
Sousa Antunes, H. et al. (2024), Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the Law, 1st ed. 2024., Cham, Springer International Publishing.
This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty.
Voeneky, S. et al. (eds) (2022), The Cambridge handbook of responsible artificial intelligence : interdisciplinary perspectives, First edition., Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY, Cambridge University Press.
There is an urgent need for responsible governance of Artificial Intelligence systems. This Handbook maps important features of responsible AI governance and demonstrates how to achieve and implement them at the regional, national and international level.
Winkle, T. (2022), Product Development within Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Legal Risk: Exemplary for Safe Autonomous Vehicles, 1st ed. 2022., Wiesbaden, Springer Nature.
This open-access-book synthesizes a supportive developer checklist considering sustainable Team and agile Project Management in the challenge of Artificial Intelligence and limits of image recognition. The study is based on technical, ethical, and legal requirements with examples concerning autonomous vehicles.
Selected Papers
Bas B. Bakker, Sophia Chen, Dmitry Vasilyev, Olga Bespalova, Moya Chin, Daria Kolpakova, Archit Singhal, and Yuanchen Yang. "What Can Artificial Intelligence Do for Stagnant Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean?", IMF Working Papers 2024, 219 (2024).
Since 1980, income levels in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have shown no convergence with those in the US, in stark contrast to emerging Asia and emerging Europe, which have seen rapid convergence. A key factor contributing to this divergence has been sluggish productivity growth in LAC. Low productivity growth has been broad-based across industries and firms in the formal sector, with limited diffusion of technology being an important contributing factor. Digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) hold significant potential to enhance productivity in the formal sector, foster its expansion, reduce informality, and facilitate LAC’s convergence with advanced economies. However, there is a risk that the region will fall behind advanced countries and frontier emerging markets in AI adoption. To capitalize on the benefits of AI, policies should aim to facilitate technological diffusion and job transition.
Cathles, Alison; Claudia Suaznabar and Fernando Vargas (2022), “The 360 on Digital Transformation in Firms in Latin America and the Caribbean”, IDB.
Are firms in Latin America and the Caribbean lagging in terms of their adoption of digital technologies? Using the most updated and, in many cases, new data, this publication provides a 360-degree assessment on the adoption of technologies ranging from artificial intelligence, big data, and the internet of things, to “backbone” tools such as cloud computing and basic digital technologies (e.g., the percent of firms with websites). On certain dimensions, some firms in the region compare favorably with firms in OECD countries. However, in general, as with artificial intelligence and big data, the data point to considerable gaps in uptake. With a comprehensive outlook, this work also assesses enabling conditions for digital technology adoption and current trends in the digital economy.
Filippucci, F., P. Gal and M. Schief (2024), “Miracle or Myth? Assessing the macroeconomic productivity gains from Artificial Intelligence”, OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers, No. 29, OECD Publishing, Paris
The paper studies the expected macroeconomic productivity gains from Artificial Intelligence (AI) over a 10-year horizon. It builds a novel micro-to-macro framework by combining existing estimates of micro-level performance gains with evidence on the exposure of activities to AI and likely future adoption rates, relying on a multi-sector general equilibrium model with input-output linkages to aggregate the effects. Its main estimates for annual aggregate total-factor productivity growth due to AI range between 0.25-0.6 percentage points (0.4-0.9 pp. for labour productivity). The paper discusses the role of various channels in shaping these macro-level gains and highlights several policy levers to support AI's growth-enhancing effects.
Lane, M. (2024), “Who will be the workers most affected by AI?: A closer look at the impact of AI on women, low-skilled workers and other groups”, OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers, No. 26, OECD Publishing, Paris
This paper examines how different socio-demographic groups experience AI at work. As AI can automate non-routine, cognitive tasks, tertiary-educated workers in “white-collar” occupations will likely face disruption, even if empirical analysis does not suggest that overall employment levels have fallen due to AI, even in “white-collar” occupations. The main risk for those without tertiary education, female and older workers is that they lose out due to lower access to AI-related employment opportunities and to productivity-enhancing AI tools in the workplace. By identifying the main risks and opportunities associated with different socio-demographic groups, the ultimate aim is to allow policy makers to target supports and to capture the benefits of AI (increased productivity and economic growth) without increasing inequalities and societal resistance to technological progress.
Montoya, L. and P. Rivas, "Government AI Readiness Meta-Analysis for Latin America and the Caribbean," 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS), Medford, MA, USA, 2019, pp. 1-8.
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based technology has the potential of transforming how governments function, making them better able to serve, protect, and improve the quality of life of their constituents. As governments of developing countries continue to shift to more advanced digital platforms, they have adopted practices and policies that have a direct impact on the future of AI-based technology. This research aims to discuss factors that may have a direct impact on the AI preparedness of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. It evaluates a recent ranking developed by the international development research center (IDRC) focused on indicators towards the development or use of AI technology in governance, infrastructure, technological skills, and public services against each country's economic metrics including unemployment rate, gross domestic product per capita purchasing power parity (GDP-PPP), cost to hire an AI researcher, and countrywide education levels.
OECD (2024), “AI, data governance and privacy: Synergies and areas of international co-operation”, OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers, No. 22, OECD Publishing, Paris
This report focuses on the privacy risks and opportunities stemming from recent AI developments. It maps the principles set in the OECD Privacy Guidelines to the OECD AI Principles, takes stock of national and regional initiatives, and suggests potential areas for collaboration. The report supports the implementation of the OECD Privacy Guidelines alongside the OECD AI Principles. By advocating for international co-operation, the report aims to guide the development of AI systems that respect and support privacy.
OECD (2024), “Assessing potential future artificial intelligence risks, benefits and policy imperatives”, OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers, No. 27, OECD Publishing, Paris
The swift evolution of AI technologies calls for policymakers to consider and proactively manage AI-driven change. The OECD’s Expert Group on AI Futures was established to help meet this need and anticipate AI developments and their potential impacts. Informed by insights from the Expert Group, this report distils research and expert insights on prospective AI benefits, risks and policy imperatives. It identifies ten priority benefits, such as accelerated scientific progress, productivity gains and better sense-making and forecasting. It discusses ten priority risks, such as facilitation of increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks; manipulation, disinformation, fraud and resulting harms to democracy; concentration of power; incidents in critical systems and exacerbated inequality and poverty. Finally, it points to ten policy priorities, including establishing clearer liability rules, drawing AI “red lines”, investing in AI safety and ensuring adequate risk management procedures. The report reviews existing public policy and governance efforts and remaining gaps.
OECD (2024), “Regulatory approaches to Artificial Intelligence in finance”, OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers, No. 24, OECD Publishing, Paris
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in finance has increased rapidly in recent years, with the potential to deliver important benefits to market participants and to improve customer welfare. At the same time, AI in finance could also amplify existing risks in financial markets and create new ones. This report analyses different regulatory approaches to the use of AI in finance in 49 OECD and non-OECD jurisdictions based on the Survey on Regulatory Approaches to AI in Finance.
Peters, Shamaise Shennette (2022) Relevance of the UN e-Government surveys and the OECD Digital Government Index 2019 to e-government Stakeholders: The Case of Antigua and Barbuda. Master’s Thesis; Tallinn University of Technology. School of Information Technologies
The implementation of e-government is viewed as an effective and efficient way to bridge the gap between government and citizens also other agencies. The role of e-government also shares its benefits with enhancing the delivery of businesses and political mandates. However, although there are numerous benefits of the deployment of e-government initiatives, the failure rate of these initiatives is relatively high given the many advantages, particularly in developing countries. International organizations such as the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development provide rankings and recommendations to support countries with developing e-government initiatives on a national level. The study utilizes a case study of a developing country, Antigua and Barbuda, to assess the relevance of these international organization surveys, the UN and OECD surveys to stakeholders.